A yarn having two different continuous filament components
Bi-component fibres
Fibres spun from two different polymers. The most common types are made from polymers which have different melting points and are used for thermal bonding. Another variant is produced from polymers which have differing solubilities.
In this case one polymer may later be dissolved out to leave ultra-fine filaments. An example is the production of suede-like fabrics. This process is also used to create crimping, in order to provide bulk or stretch.
In this case one polymer may later be dissolved out to leave ultra-fine filaments. An example is the production of suede-like fabrics. This process is also used to create crimping, in order to provide bulk or stretch.
Bias
The direction diagonally across a piece of fabric at 45ยบ to the warp and weft. Bicomponent fabric: A fabric with two layers.
Bedford cord
A fabric constructed in such a way as to show rounded cords in the warp direction with pronounced sunken lines between them.
Batik
A traditional dyeing process in which portions of cloth are coated with wax and therefore resist the dye, enabling distinctive patterns to be created. Batik fabrics are characterised by a streaky or mottled appearance.
Basket weave
A textile weave consisting of double threads interlaced to produce a checkered pattern similar to that of a woven basket.
Bandana
Handkerchief designs in simple colour and white stylised patterns, including spots and paisley.
Ballotini
Small glass beads which are normally used in reflective paints but which can also be incorporated into fabrics.
Alpaca
A natural hair fiber obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a domesticated member of the llama family. The fiber is most commonly used in fabrics for dresses, suits, coats, and sweaters.
Aramid
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain of synthetic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings. Aramid fabrics are very strong and are resistant to high temperatures and extreme external forces. Aramid fabrics are used in thermally protective clothing; (i.e. coveralls, jackets, gloves, shirts, pants). U.S. FTC Definition: A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in that is at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.
Anti-Static
Can be either a fiber or fabric that does not allow the build-up of static electricity to occur when the fiber or fabric experiences friction or rubbing.
Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Microbial
A fabric that has been chemically treated or a fiber that is created by incorporating the anti-bacterial chemical agent into the fiber formula, making the finished fiber or fabric resistant to, or inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms.
Angora
The hair of the Angora goat. Also known as Angora mohair. Angora may also apply to the fur of the Angora rabbit. However, according to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, any apparel containing Angora rabbit hair must be labeled as "Angora rabbit hair" on the garment.
Air Permeability
The porosity of a fabric as estimated by the ease with which air passes through it. Air permeability measures the warmth of blankets, the air resistance of parachute cloth, the wind resistance of sailcloth, etc. as measured on standard testing equipment.
Acrylic
A manufactured fiber derived from polyacrylonitrile. Its major properties include a soft, wool-like hand, machine washable and dryable, excellent color retention. Solution-dyed versions have excellent resistance to sunlight and chlorine degradation.
Acetate
A manufactured fiber formed by a compound of cellulose, refined from cotton linters and/or wood pulp, and acedic acid that has been extruded through a spinneret and then hardened.
Absorbency
The ability of a fabric to take in moisture. Absorbency is a very important property, which effects many other characteristics such as skin comfort, static build-up, shrinkage, stain removal, water repellency, and wrinkle recovery.
Abrasion Resistance
The degree by which a fabric is able to withstand loss of appearance through surface wear, rubbing, chafing, and other frictional actions.
Applique
A separate decoration that is then embroidered, sewn on the surface of another fabric or garment.
Astrakhan
A thick woven or knitted cloth with a surface of loops or curls which imitates the coat of an Astrakhan lamb.
Areal weight
A term commonly used in the nonwovens and composites industries to denote the mass per unit area of a single ply of dry reinforcement fabric.
Aramid
The generic name for a special group of synthetic fibres (aromatic polyamide) having high strength; examples are Kevlar and Twaron.
Anti-static
A property given to a textile material usually by adding small quantities of conducting fibres, such as those with a metallic coating, in order to reduce or eliminate static charge.
Anti-Dumping Duty
An extra duty imposed on an imported product by an importing country (or group of countries, as in the case of the EU) to compensate for the dumping of goods by a foreign supplier.
Anti-bacterial, Anti-microbial, Anti-fungal
Properties given to textile materials using additives to eliminate or prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. Usually, the additives remain after initial washing but may be washed out over a period of time.
Anisotropic
A material which has different physical properties in different directions. Resistance against bacteria.
Ajour
An embroidery technique which creates open areas, often in figured patterns and usually on a woven fabric.
Air-textured yarn
A multi-filament yarn which has been given increased bulk through the formation of loops, achieved by passing the yarn through air jets.
Air texturing
A process in which yarns are over-fed through a turbulent air stream so that entangled loops are formed in the filaments.
Air laying
A method in which fibres are first dispersed into an air stream, and then condensed from the air stream on to a permeable cage or conveyor to form a web or batt of staple fibres.
Acquisition layer
An absorbent layer close to the coverstock in a nonwoven hygiene product (such as a diaper) through which fluid enters. Typically, the fluid is then transmitted to a distribution layer.
Absorbency under load
The weight of fluid in grams that can be absorbed by 1 gram of fibre, yarn or fabric which has been subject to a pressure of 0.25 lb/in2 before wetting.
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